Aiming at the demand of fast, precise and continuous reconnaissance and surveillance missions of important sea areas in China, researches the development status and future trend of emergency fast close-in reconnaissance and surveillance techniques. Introduce foreign development status of emergency fast close-in reconnaissance and surveillance techniques, and main fast close-in transportation, reconnaissance and surveillance methods are analyzed. Two technical ideas of emergency fast close-in reconnaissance and surveillance are proposed. The research results show that the reconnaissance and surveillance technology has advantages of fast close-in speed, well reconnaissance abilities, strong resistance to damage and well comprehensive performance. It can improve the information support capability.