In order to solve the disruption problem caused by resource fault or resource failure due to weather or power supply in scheduling for ground-based space surveillance, a rescheduling model was constructed with the optimal objective which was a weighted sum of disturbances as well as integrated priority of failed demands. Through the disturbances metric in the rescheduling process, a rescheduling algorithm based on disturbance neighborhood searching and ant colony algorithm was proposed. Through the algorithm, two pheromone matrices were used to generate a feasible solution; local optimization was adopted to improve the feasible solution in its neighborhood; then ant colony algorithm was adopted for global optimization. Experimental results from simulation of resource failure showed that the proposed algorithm was useful and feasible.