Based on Stackelberg game theory, a countermeasures study was presented to coordinate the interests of the supply chain members of equipment maintenance material under the condition of uncertain delivery capacity, in which the maintenance unit was the leader giving the optimal order quantity and the per unit penalty cost in short supply, and the supplier was the follower responding with the best additional supply capacity. Constructed the optimization model to minimize the expected cost of the maintenance unit, and the special fitness function with a penalty factor based on constraint conditions was established. Used the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to carry out simulation and calculation. The results show that the Stackelberg game can effectively coordinate the supply chain of equipment maintenance material, and to ensure the interests of the supply chain and its members.