In order to solve the problem of robustness and poor real-time performance of general moving target detection algorithm, an improved codebook algorithm is designed based on the original codebook. Adjust the recently updated code word to the most front end of the codebook list when matching code word in order to improve the speed of code marching. Use LBP histogram vector which is adapted to the change of illumination and simply operated instead of the original RGB vector. Record the local texture information through codebook, and compare the original codebook with mixed Gaussian algorithm and improve codebook by test. The experiment show that improved codebook has faster speed and better detection results, and stronger adaptability to illumination change in the scene.