This paper introduces a method for environmental monitoring in inland waters, can be used for the real-time detection of water and water patrol robot is the implementation of an emergency rescue for person in water. The structure design of the robot uses separated structure to improve the wind resistance. The machine adopts modular design and it mainly includes video transmission, GPS navigation, water monitoring, life-saving device for throwing, drive, control system of 6 modules. The verification results show that the robot has advantages of strong maneuverability, simple operation, small volume and high speed. It can be widely used in inland natural waters governance.