In order to solve the problem that the goals and achievements in the process of effectiveness evaluating for carrier-based aircraft rescue equipment are not fully match, an index system for effectiveness evaluation is constructed. Through the classification of carrier-based aircraft rescue equipment effectiveness evaluation index and the construction criteria of the index system, the process and general problems of constructing the equipment effectiveness evaluation index system are analyzed. Based on the concept of “software system framework structure”, the standardization process of constructing the effectiveness evaluation index system is proposed. According to the objectives and requirements of the effectiveness evaluation mission of the carrier-based aircraft rescue equipment, an efficiency evaluation index system structure is established, and the validity of the index is tested, and the weight of the index is determined by the method of subjective and objective combination weighting. The research has good application value, and the established index system has laid a foundation for the effectiveness evaluation of carrier-based aircraft rescue equipment.