In order to improve the commander’s decision-making ability in modern war, the battlefield situation cognition is analyzed. This paper analyzes the concept of battlefield situation from 3 aspects: situation cognition, battlefield situation and battlefield situation cognition. It uses modern technology to construct the ability of battlefield situation cognition. It discusses the research methods of battlefield situation cognition, such as data fusion, big data processing, Bayesian network, multi-source heterogeneous data organization and integration technology, machine learning, and the key technology generated based on these methods. The results show that the research can support commanders to make correct decisions.