In order to improve the environmental adaptability of equipment, the impact of geographic environment on adaptability of general components of electromechanical equipment is studied. Based on the paper extraction method, this paper collects the research results of the previous equipment adaptability experiments, and sorts out the qualitative or quantitative effects of different geographic and climatic factors on heat dissipation products, engines, electronic equipment, sealing equipment, liquid substances, material properties, mechanical systems, and storage batteries. The results show that this method can effectively improve the cognition of the impact of the geographic environment on electromechanical equipment, and it has vital significance to accurately design the controlled experiment of equipment adaptability.