In order to improve the thermal protection performance of supersonic weapons, an efficient thermal insulation material was designed. The effect of high efficiency thermal insulation material on the thermal protection performance of warhead is analyzed through the rapid cook-off test. With the addition of the efficient thermal insulation material, the heating rate of the test piece can be greatly reduced, and the initial reaction time of the explosive after heating is extended from 58 s to 16 min 2 s, which reduces the reaction type of the explosive. The results show that the application of this study in the supersonic weapon warhead can significantly improve the thermal safety of the warhead.