Aiming at the demand of fire fighting and rescue by robots instead of firefighters, the research on autonomous fire source search and intelligent fire fighting technology of fire fighting robots is carried out. The structure and control system of the fire-fighting robot are introduced, and the technical requirements of searching for fire source autonomously and putting out fire intelligently in unknown environment are clarified; Based on simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology, the fire fighting robot can walk and avoid obstacles autonomously in an unknown environment, and the methods and technologies suitable for the robot to find and locate the fire source autonomously are developed, and the effectiveness is verified by experiments. The experimental results show that the robot can walk and cross obstacles autonomously in an unknown environment, the positioning accuracy is less than 0.4 m, and the fire source recognition rate is more than 90%, so it has a good application prospect.